Did you know that there are two (2) versions of ESP-01 Wi-Fi modules? Check out the article:
Difference Between ESP-01 and ESP-01S

The ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module is used as a smart switch for remotely turning on and off any device connected to it. A pre-programmed ESP-01 module is inserted into the relay module to serve as a microcontroller for the relay. The attached ESP-01 module also provides the Wi-Fi capability to the relay module to enable a computer or a smartphone to control the relay module remotely or wirelessly.

ESP-01 Module Programmer

In order to use the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module, a programmer is needed to program the ESP-01 module. An example of an ESP-01 programmer is shown in Figure 3. If you do not a have an ESP-01 programmer module, you can make one if you have a USB-to-serial converter. Or simply use an Arduino board as an ESP-01 programmer if you have an available Arduino board. For details on how to make a DIY ESP-01 programmer, see the article: ESP-01 and ESP-01S Pinout and Configuration

Schematic Diagram of ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module

Before we start programming the ESP-01 module to be used on the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module, let us first study the schematic diagram of the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module. There are two (2) versions of ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay modules. Version 1 is shown in Figure 5 and Version 4 is shown in Figure 6.

An examination of the two (2) schematic diagrams above will show that the difference in the two versions has something to do with the relay driver. On version 1, the relay is driven by an NPN junction transistor. On the other hand, on version 4, the relay is driven by an N-channel MOSFET transistor. Also, in version 4, the MOSFET driving the relay is in turn being driven by an opto-coupler.

In terms of programming, we should note that on both versions, the relay is activated by the ESP-01 module thru port GPIO0. However, on Version 1, the relay uses ACTIVE HIGH logic levels. That is, a logic HIGH on GPIO0 will activate the relay and a logic LOW will deactivate it. On the other hand, on a Version 4 model, the relay is activated using ACTIVE LOW signals. This means that a logic HIGH will turn OFF the relay and a logic LOW will turn it ON. In short, the two versions use opposite signals for activating the relay. These differing signals should be taken into account when programming the ESP-01 module. Or else, turning ON the relay may result to it being turned OFF instead. And vice versa, turning the relay OFF may cause the relay to turn ON.

How to Program the ESP-01 Module for Use with the Wi-Fi Relay Module

In this article, we will pre-program the ESP-01 module with NodeMCU or Lua program. Afterwards, we will create a smartphone app to control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module remotely. It is also possible to program the ESP-01 module with the Arduino IDE. If you would prefer an Arduino IDE program for the ESP-01 module, please see – How to Control ESP-01 Without a Router.

Flashing the NodeMCU Firmware on ESP-01 Module

First, we need to install the NodeMCU firmware into the ESP-01 module. There are several ways to do this but we will use the one that I think is the easiest. Download the NodeMCU Flasher from Github. Extract the zip file and run the file “ESP8266Flasher.exe”. There are two versions of ESP8266Flasher.exe, a Win32 and a Win64 version. Select the appropriate version for your computer.

Plug in your ESP-01 programmer with the ESP-01 module to your computer’s USB port. The NodeMCU Flasher should be able to detect the ESP-01 programmer and automatically change the COM Port setting. If this is your first time to use your ESP-01 programmer, you may have to install the device driver for it.

Click on Config tab of the NodeMCU Flasher and verify that you have the settings INTERNAL://NODEMCU and hex 0x00000. The INTERNAL://NODEMCU setting tells the NodeMCU Flasher to use the NodeMCU firmware that comes with the NodeMCU Flasher installation (the firmware file can be found under the Resources/Binaries directory). Meanwhile, the setting 0x00000 is the memory starting location where the NodeMCU firmware will be installed. See Figure 9 for the correct settings.

Next, click on the Advanced tab of the NodeMCU Flasher. Change the Flash size to 1Mbyte and the SPI mode to QIO. These two (2) settings are specific to ESP-01 modules, see Figure 10 below.

Click back on the Operation tab and click on the Flash(F) button to start flashing the NodeMCU firmware to the ESP-01 module. Please refer to Figure 11.

Wait for the progress bar to be filled up and you should see a green checkmark at the bottom left of the NodeMCU Flasher screen as depicted in Figure 12.

We have now successfully installed the NodeMCU firmware on the ESP-01 module, so we will go to the next procedure.

ESPlorer Integrated Development Environment

ESPlorer is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for programming ESP8266 modules like ESP-01 with NodeMCU and Micropython. Download the ESPlorer from Github. Extract the zip file and run the file “ESPlorer.bat”.

Make sure that the proper COM port for your ESP-01 programmer is selected and the baud rate setting is 9600 baud (see Figure 14). Then click on the Open button.

If the ESPlorer can’t autodetect the NodeMCU firmware, reset the ESP-01 module by pressing the reset button on your ESP-01 programmer. Or click on the RTS button on the ESPlorer IDE twice. When you click the RTS button on the ESPlorer IDE, it sends a RESET signal to the connected ESP-01 programmer module.

After resetting the ESP-01 module, you should see a message with the NodeMCU firmware version. This verifies that you have successfully flashed the ESP-01 module with the NodeMCU firmware in the preceding procedure.

If the ESPlorer IDE cannot detect your NodeMCU firmware, see the article:
ESPlorer Can’t Autodetect Firmware

The Lua Program

Copy and paste the following Lua program on the left pane of the ESPlorer IDE.

print("Ready to start soft ap")

local str=wifi.ap.getmac();
local ssidTemp=string.format("%s%s%s",string.sub(str,10,11),string.sub(str,13,14),string.sub(str,16,17));

cfg={}
cfg.ssid="ESP8266_"..ssidTemp;
cfg.pwd="12345678"
wifi.ap.config(cfg)

cfg={}
cfg.ip="192.168.1.1";
cfg.netmask="255.255.255.0";
cfg.gateway="192.168.1.1";
wifi.ap.setip(cfg);
wifi.setmode(wifi.SOFTAP)

str=nil;
ssidTemp=nil;
collectgarbage();

print("Soft AP started")
print("Heep:(bytes)"..node.heap());
print("MAC:"..wifi.ap.getmac().."\r\nIP:"..wifi.ap.getip());

led1 = 3
led2 = 4
gpio.mode(led1, gpio.OUTPUT)
gpio.mode(led2, gpio.OUTPUT)
srv=net.createServer(net.TCP)
srv:listen(80,function(conn)
    conn:on("receive", function(client,request)
        local buf = "";
        buf = buf.."HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n"
        local _, _, method, path, vars = string.find(request, "([A-Z]+) (.+)?(.+) HTTP");
        if(method == nil)then
            _, _, method, path = string.find(request, "([A-Z]+) (.+) HTTP");
        end
        local _GET = {}
        if (vars ~= nil)then
            for k, v in string.gmatch(vars, "(%w+)=(%w+)&*") do
                _GET[k] = v
            end
        end
        
        if(_GET.pin == "ON1")then
              gpio.write(led1, gpio.HIGH);
			  print("led1 on")
        elseif(_GET.pin == "OFF1")then
              gpio.write(led1, gpio.LOW);
			print("led1 off")
        elseif(_GET.pin == "ON2")then
              gpio.write(led2, gpio.HIGH);
			print("led2 on")
        elseif(_GET.pin == "OFF2")then
              gpio.write(led2, gpio.LOW);
			print("led2 off")
        end
        client:send(buf);
        client:close();
        collectgarbage();
    end)
end)

Save the file to your computer. Click the Save button on the top left pane (1). Name the file as “init.lua” (2). Then click on the Save button on the Save screen (3).

After saving the program to your hard disk, the ESPlorer IDE uploaded the file init.lua to your ESP-01 module and ran the program (dofile(“init.lua”)).

Testing the ESP-01 Module Access Point

Before we proceed to building the smartphone app to control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module, let us first check if we have successfully programmed the ESP-01 module.

Get your smartphone and scan for Wi-Fi devices. With my Android smartphone, I would go to the “Settings/Network and Internet/Wi-Fi” setting. See Figure 20. You should see the Wi-Fi SSID “ESP8266_XXXXXX” where XXXXXX is the last six digits of your ESP-01 module’s MAC address.

Connect your smartphone to the ESP-01 access point by entering the password “12345678” (Figure 21).

Figure 22 below shows the smartphone connected to the ESP-01 module’s access point.

Click on the gear icon to display the network details. Your smartphone will be assigned an IP address of 192.168.1.2. The gateway is the IP address of the ESP-01 access point.

Now we are ready to create the smartphone app to control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module.

How to Create the Smartphone App to Control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module

We are going to use the MIT App Inventor 2 to create a smartphone app to control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module. First, we need to download the MIT App Inventor 2 Companion App to our smartphones. We will need it to facilitate installing the created controller app to our smartphones.

Next, download the source code from Github – ESP8266 Controller. Extract the file ESP8266_Controller.aia.

Go to MIT App Inventor website and click on the Create Apps! button.

Import the project ESP8266_Controller.aia (the file downloaded from Github).

The ESP8266 controller app designers view.

If you want to modify how the program works, go to the Blocks view.

Compile and build the app by clicking the Build/Android App(apk) item on the menu. Refer to Figure 30 below.

After a successful build, a bar code will appear on your computer’s screen (see Figure 31). Scan the bar code with your smartphone using the MIT App Inventor Companion app. Follow the instructions on your smartphone to install the ESP8266 Controller app.

How to Use the ESP8266 Controller App to Control the ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module

Remove the ESP-01 module from the programmer module and insert it into the ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module. Provide power to the relay module. Next, connect the smartphone to the ESP-01 access point as discussed above on testing the ESP-01 module access point. Then, open the ESP8266 Controller app and set the IP address to “192.168.1.1”.

You may now enjoy playing around with your new smart switch ESP-01 Wi-Fi relay module using the ESP8266 Controller smartphone app.

Related Articles on How to Use ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module

How to Program ESP-01 with Arduino IDE
How to Set up Arduino IDE for ESP8266 Programming
How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module
How to Control ESP-01 thru a Router
How to Control ESP-01 Without a Router
ESP-01 with RTC and LCD Display
How to Save and Restore ESP8266 and ESP32 Firmware
NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 Pinout and Configuration
How to Test a NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 Dev Board
How to Use AT-09 BLE with Arduino and Smartphone

References on How to Use ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module

ESP8266 on Wikipedia
ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module on Shopee

The post How to Use ESP-01 Wi-Fi Relay Module appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

ESP-01 and its latest version ESP-01S are popular microcontrollers with Wi-Fi networking capabilities. They are part of the ESP8266 family of microcontrollers manufactured by Espressif Systems. In this article, we will learn the ESP-01 and ESP-01S pinout and configuration in actual applications.

ESP-01 Wi-Fi Module Specifications

Power Supply:
Voltage 3.0V ~ 3.6V
Current >300mA

Current Consumption:
Continuous Transmission: Average: ~ 71mA, Peak: 300mA
Modem Sleep: ~20mA
Light Sleep: ~2mA
Deep Sleep: ~0.02mA

SPI Flash Memory:
Default 8Mbit (1MB)

Interface:
UART/GPIO

IO Port:
2

UART Baud Rate:
Support 300 ~ 4608000 bps
Default 115200 bps

Frequency Range:
2412 ~ 2484MHz

Transmit Power:
802.11b: 16±2 dBm (@11Mbps)
802.11g: 14±2 dBm (@54Mbps)
802.11n: 13±2 dBm (@HT20, MCS7)

Receiving Sensitivity:
CCK, 1 Mbps : -90dBm
CCK, 11 Mbps: -85dBm
6 Mbps (1/2 BPSK): -88dBm
54 Mbps (3/4 64-QAM): -70dBm
HT20, MCS7 (65 Mbps, 72.2 Mbps): -67dBm

For a complete specifications, you may refer to the ESP-01 Product Specification PDF.

ESP-01 and ESP-01S Pinout

Have you just bought a new ESP-01 Wi-Fi module? Take a look at
How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module

Learn how to differentiate between ESP-01 and ESP-01S Wi-Fi modules, see:
Difference Between ESP-01 and ESP-01S

ESP-01 Pin Descriptions

TX – UART0 data send (transmit) pin, also known as GPIO1.
RX – UART0 data receive pin, also known as GPIO3.
CH_PD – Chip Power Down (also known as CH_EN or Chip Enable) – Chip enable pin, active high
RST – External reset pin, active low
GPIO2 – General Purpose Input / Output
GPIO0 – General Purpose Input / Output
VCC – +3.3 Volts Supply Positive
GND – Ground – Supply negative

ESP-01 Module Breadboarding and Adapters

When breadboarding, you can not insert the ESP-01 module as it is. A few years ago, you do all sort of tricks to breadboard an ESP-01 module, from bending the header pins to making your own DIY adapter. Luckily, now you can buy a cheap breadboard adapter for the ESP-01 module. See Figure 5.

If you will be connecting the ESP-01 board to an Arduino board, you must remember two (2) things:

• Do not supply the ESP-01 module with the 3.3V output from the Arduino board – the ESP-01 module, as per specification above, may require up to 300mA of current. The 3.3V regulator on the Arduino board may overheat and may become damaged.
• Provide logic level translation between the ESP-01 and the Arduino board – the Arduino board uses 5V logic while the ESP-01 module uses 3.3V logic.

A good ESP-01 adapter that can satisfy the requirements for interfacing with Arduino boards is shown in Figure 6. It has a built-in 3.3V regulator and two (2) bi-directional logic level converters for the RX and TX pins. The schematic diagram for the adapter is shown in Figure 7.

ESP-01 Programmers

ESP-01 USB-to-Serial Converter Programmer Module

Unlike the other ESP8266 boards, ESP-01 boards need a programmer to be uploaded with programs or sketches from the Arduino IDE. An inexpensive programmer is shown below in Figure 8. The programmer uses a Silabs 2104 serial to USB converter chip. With this programmer, you just plug it into your computer’s USB port, select the proper COM port and start uploading sketches.

DIY USB-to-Serial Converter Programmer

If you do not have a programmer module but you have an available USB-to-serial converter, you can wire it up as an ESP-01 programmer. The schematic diagram of a DIY programmer is shown in Figure 9. With this programmer, you need to put the ESP-01 module into programming mode before uploading a sketch. This is done by holding down the Flash switch, pressing and releasing the Reset switch, and then releasing the Flash switch.

Shown below in Figures 10, 11, and 12 is my DIY ESP-01 programmer. The USB-to-serial converter connects to the programmer board via the 4-pin male header on the board.

Arduino Board as ESP-01 Programmer
Another option for an ESP-01 programmer is to use an Arduino board. You may use any available Arduino board such as Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, etc.

The idea here is to use the Arduino board’s built-in USB-to-serial converter. The schematic diagram in Figure 13 is the same as the DIY ESP-01 programmer in Figure 9, but the USB-to-serial converter was replaced with an Arduino Uno.

As previously discussed above, the 3.3V output from the Arduino board should not be used. Instead, a 3.3V voltage regulator was provided for the ESP-01 module. Also, a logic level converter was used consisting of a 2.2K resistor in series with a 3.3K resistor acting as a voltage divider. This protects the RX pin of the ESP-01 module from being exposed to a 5V signal from the Arduino board. Note that the TX pin of the ESP-01 module was connected directly to the TX pin of the Arduino board. We can do away with the logic level converter because the TX pin is acting as an output (outgoing signal).

You may have noticed that the TX and RX pins of the Arduino board are connected to the corresponding TX and RX pins of the ESP-01 module. But in the DIY programmer in Figure 9, the TX and RX terminals are cross-wired. That is, the TX pin of the USB-to-serial converter is connected to the RX pin of the ESP-01 module and ,vice versa, the RX pin of the USB-to-serial converter is connected to the TX pin of the ESP-01 module.

If you want to find out why the Arduino board’s RX and TX pins are wired straight thru and not crossed over with the ESP-01 board, consult an Arduino board schematic and look at how the MCU chip and the USB-to-serial converter chip are wired. I am leaving this one as an exercise for the reader.

Related Articles on ESP-01 and ESP-01S Pinout and Configuration

How to Program ESP-01 with Arduino IDE
How to Set up Arduino IDE for ESP8266 Programming
How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module
How to Control ESP-01 thru a Router
How to Control ESP-01 Without a Router
ESP-01 with RTC and LCD Display
How to Save and Restore ESP8266 and ESP32 Firmware
NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 Pinout and Configuration
How to Test a NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 Dev Board
How to Use AT-09 BLE with Arduino and Smartphone

References on ESP-01 and ESP-01S Pinout and Configuration

ESP-01 Specification
ESP-01 Datasheet

The post ESP-01 and ESP-01S Pinout and Configuration appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

When you buy a new ESP-01 ESP8266 module, the very first thing to do is to test it. That is, you need to make sure that you have a good and working ESP-01 module. We will take a look at the different methods of testing the ESP-01 ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Differences Between ESP-01 and ESP-01S ESP8266 Module

Before we proceed, be aware that there are two (2) versions of ESP-01 modules. The older ESP-01 module and the newer ESP-01S module. Both modules are functionally the same. However, there are two points worth mentioning here.

First, the ESP-01 has two (2) LEDs, a red LED power indicator and a blue LED that indicates serial activity. On the other hand, the newer ESP-01S has only one (1) LED, the blue LED light (see Figure 2 above). Moreover, the blue LED serial activity indicator light is wired differently on each module. That is, on an ESP-01 module, it is connected on the TX pin (GPIO1) while on the ESP-01S module, it is connected on the GPIO2 pin. And as a side note, pins GPIO0 and GPIO1 are both serial TX capable pins (refer to the ESP-01S schematic diagram at the end of this article).

Second, the ESP-01S module has three (3) additional on-board resistors used as pull-up resistors. These pull-up resistors are 12K-ohm resistors each connected on the GPIO0, the RESET, and the CH_PD pins. You may also want to refer again to the ESP-01S schematic diagram included at the end of this article.

Quick and Dirty Test

The ESP-01 module is shipped with a program called AT firmware. The firmware will let you send AT commands to configure and program the module. More important, the module is configured as a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) when shipped. Therefore, a quick and dirty test is to power the ESP-01 module and use a smartphone to connect to the Access Point.

Power up the ESP-01 module as shown in Figure 3. Notice that we need to connect the ESP-01 module to a 3.3V power supply. Do not connect the ESP-01 module to the 3.3V output of an Arduino board. Provide a separate 3.3V power supply with sufficient current capacity. Also, note that a 10K ohms resistor is connected from the CH_PD pin to the VCC or the 3.3V supply. The CH_PD (Chip Power Down / Enable Pin) pin has to be pulled up to the VCC for the module to function. If you have the ESP-01S module, you do not need to connect a 10K ohm resistor on the CH_PD pin. As per discussion above on the differences between the ESP-01 and the ESP-01S modules, the ESP-01S already has a 12K-ohm pull-up resistor on the CH_PD pin.

After powering up, you should see the ESP-01 access point when you scan for Wi-Fi devices. The default SSID of the ESP-01 module I am using is ESP_7B0F95. See Figure 4.

Connect to the ESP-01 Access Point.

Click on the Settings icon (gear icon) and see the network details of the ESP-01 module Access Point.

AT Command Test

For the next test, you need an ESP-01 programmer or flasher. An inexpensive programmer/flasher is shown below in Figures 7. In Figure 8, the ESP-01 module is shown inserted into the programmer/flasher. If you do not have a programmer/flasher, it is possible to use an Arduino board as a programmer/flasher. Also, if you have a USB-to-serial(TTL) converter, you could wire it up as an ESP-01 programmer/flasher.

Insert the ESP-01 module to the programmer as shown in Figure 8 and plug the programmer to the computer. If it is your first time to use your programmer/flasher, you may have to install its device driver. Open the Arduino IDE and set the appropriate COM port for your programmer (Figure 9). For the meantime, there is no need to set the Board type.

Open the Serial Monitor and change the settings as shown in Figure 10. The line ending setting must be set to both newline and carriage return, “Both NL & CR”. Additionally, the baud rate setting must be set to “115200 baud”.

Now type “AT”, press the return key and the ESP-01 module should reply “OK”.

To view the ESP-01 module firmware version, type “AT+GMR”.

Type “AT+CIFSR” to view the Access Point’s IP address and network MAC address. See Figure 11 for the output display.

For a complete guide on the ESP-01 module AT commands, see ESP8266 – AT Command Reference.

Programming with Arduino IDE

In the next test, we will upload a modified version of the sample sketch Blink from the Arduino IDE. The sketch should make the blue LED on the ESP-01 module turn on and off.

IMPORTANT
Uploading an Arduino sketch to the ESP-01 module will erase the AT firmware. The AT commands will not work anymore after the upload. If you want to be able to restore the original firmware, please see the article
How to Save and Restore ESP8266 and ESP32 Firmware.

With the ESP-01 module still in the programmer/flasher, open the Arduino IDE and change the Board setting to “Generic ESP8266 Module” as shown in Figure 12.

Create a new sketch, copy and paste the blink program shown below. Upload the sketch to the ESP-01 module. The blue LED should start blinking after successfully uploading the sketch.

/*
 * cyberblogspot.com 01Feb2023
 */

#define LED_BUILTIN 1                // GPIO1 for ESP-01, GPIO2 for ESP-01S
                                     // Change to 2 for ESP-01S module
void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);   
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);   // Turn the LED on (ESP-01 LED is active low)
  delay(1000);                      
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);  // Turn the LED off 
  delay(1000);                     
}

Schematic Diagram of ESP-01S ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module

Related Articles on How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module

How to Set up Arduino IDE for ESP8266 Programming
How to Program ESP-01 with Arduino IDE
How to Control ESP-01 thru a Router
How to Control ESP-01 Without a Router
ESP-01 with RTC and LCD Display
ESP-01 ESP8266 NTP Clock with LCD Display
How to Test NodeMCU V3 Using Esptool
NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 Pinout and Configuration
How to Use AT-09 BLE with Arduino and Smartphone

References on How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module

ESP8266 on Wikipedia

The post How to Test an ESP-01 ESP8266 Module appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.