The problem is illustrated by Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the program source code as it appears on the WordPress code block. The page preview is shown in Figure 2. As can be seen, the line “#include <SoftwareSerial.h>” becomes “#include &lt;SoftwareSerial.h&gt;”. That is, the less than sign (<) is replaced by “&lt” and the greater than sign becomes “&gt”.

As it turns out, the problem is caused by the crayon-syntax-highlighter plugin. Fortunately, there is a simple fix for the problem.

Go to WordPress Settings/Crayon. Under the Code settings, check the item “Decode HTML entities in code”. Please refer to Figure 3.

Then, go to the bottom of the settings page and click on the Save Changes button, as shown in Figure 4. Then after a new page preview, you should get a properly rendered source code page.

References on WordPress Code Block &lt Problem

WordPress

crayon-syntax-highlighter

The post WordPress Code Block &lt Problem appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

• How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy
• How to Renew Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate

First, to get a free SSL certificate, follow the link on How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy. It is a complete guide on how to acquire a free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate. Then I will show you how to install the SSL certificate in GoDaddy.

This tutorial uses a free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate as an example. Still, this tutorial is applicable with other SSL certificates issued by third party certificate authority. At the same time, this tutorial is not only for GoDaddy subscribers. This may also apply to other websites using cPanel as their web server manager.

Standard SSL Certificate Files

SSL certificates use different encoding schemes. But many Certificate Authority (CA) issue SSL certificates in PEM format. While other formats such as DER format use binary encoding, PEM uses Base64 ASCII encoded files. That is, PEM formatted files are text files. You can use any text editor to view their contents.

PEM encoded certificates use files with extensions of .pem, .crt, .cer, or .key. Although it is possible to package the whole SSL certificate in a single file, it is usually stored in two separate files. The main SSL certifcate is usually placed in a .pem, .crt, or .cer file. Then a separate .key file holds the corresponding private key.

Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate Files

On a newly installed Ubuntu version 22.04.1 LTS, you may not be able to open the letsencrypt directory because the “Open as Administrator” option does not show up on the menu when you right-click on the directory. You may need to install the nautilus-admin. On the Terminal window, execute “sudo apt install nautilus-admin“.

If you used Certbot to retrieve a free Let’s Encrypt certificate, Certbot stored the SSL certificate files in /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain-name. Please refer to the screenshot below.

There are four (4) certificate files in the directory, but we are interested only on the two (2) files. The files are fullchain.pem and privkey.pem. While the fullchain.pem stores the main SSL certificate, privkey.pem contains the private key for the SSL certificate.

Note that the certificate files in /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain-name are actually file shortcuts or symbolic links. The actual SSL certificate files reside in /etc/letsencrypt/archive/your-domain-name. Kindly refer to the next screenshot.

Looking at the image below, you can see that there are two SSL certificates here. These are the fullchain1.pem and the fullchain2.pem. Also, they come with their respective private keys, privkey1.pem and privkey2.pem.

Fullchain1.pem was my first SSL certificate. Later, when the SSL certificate was about to expire, I renewed the certificate, giving me fullchain2.pem. So, I guess that on my next renewal, I will get a new SSL certificate named fullchain3.pem. In short, certificates stored here are named sequentially.

Now, do you remember the file shortcuts in /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain-name? The file shortcuts there point to the latest SSL certificate files. Prior to my renewal, when I only had fullchain1.pem, the shortcut fullchain.pem was pointed at fullchain1.pem. After the renewal, fullchain.pem was already pointing to the new file, fullchain2.pem. Similarly, all the shortcut files were already pointing to the second certificate files. That is, shortcut privkey.pem pointing to privkey2.pem, shortcut cert.pem pointing to cert2.pem, and lastly shortcut chain.pem pointing to chain2.pem.

In the following instructions on how to install SSL certificate in GoDaddy, we will use the above Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate as an example.

Step 1 – Open the SSL/TLS tool in GoDaddy’s cPanel

There are several ways to open GoDaddy’s cPanel. First, you can type your-domain-name/cpanel on the address bar of an internet browser. For example, I can open my cPanel by typing cyberblogspot.com/cpanel on my Google Chrome browser.

But I do not open the cPanel this way. The reason: I have a hard time memorizing the system-generated Username GoDaddy assigned to me!

Remember that your cPanel username and password are different from your GoDaddy web hosting account username and password. You can find your cPanel login credentials (username and password) inside your GoDaddy hosting account (My Hosting Dashboard).

The alternative way to open the cPanel is to log in to your GoDaddy web hosting account. There is a link on the web hosting dashboard for opening the cPanel.

Go to www.godaddy.com and log in with your web hosting credentials. Here, you can use your GoDaddy-provided Customer Number. Otherwise, use the Username that you provided when you signed up with GoDaddy.

Once inside GoDaddy’s My Account page, click the Manage button on the Web Hosting domain that you will be installing an SSL certificate.

On your My Hosting Dashboard, click the cPanel Admin button.

On the cPanel, first, scroll down and look for the Security tools. Then, click on the SSL/TLS link.

Step 2 – Upload the SSL certificate’s private key

On the SSL/TLS window, click the link that says: Generate, view, upload, or delete your private keys.

Study the screenshot below. What we want to do is to upload the private key of the SSL certificate. In our example Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate, we want to upload the private key file privkey.pem to the server.

We can upload a private key file in two ways. We can copy the contents of the file and paste it in the provided text box. Or, we can upload the file by browsing for the file and selecting it. Let us take up the first procedure first.

Open the private key file. In case of the Let’s Encrypt privkey.pem, it is a text file, so you should be able to open it with a text editor. In Windows, you can open it with Notepad. Copy the contents of the file and paste it in the provided text box. You may enter an optional description, if you want. Then, click on the Save button. See the annotated screenshot below.

After clicking on the Save button, you should see the image below.

Then, a message that you successfully loaded the private key. Close the message window by clicking the Go Back button.

When you get back to the SSL/TLS Private Keys window, you should see a Keys on Server list. Moreover, you should see the newly uploaded private key included in the list. Click the Return to SSL Manager button.

Alternative way of uploading the SSL private key

Let us now look at the alternative way of uploading the SSL certificate’s private key. Instead of copying and pasting the private key, we will upload the private key by browsing and selecting the private key file.

On the SSL/TLS Private Keys window, click the Choose File button. Take note that above the Choose File button, it says choose a .key file. In our case, our private key file is in a .pem type file. This is not a problem because a .pem file is a text file, much like a .key file.

After clicking on the Choose File button, we get a file browser window. First, find the private key file. Next, click on the private key filename to select it. Finally, click the Open button.

When the file browser window closes, verify that the private key file was selected. Then, click the Upload button.

What follows next after clicking the Upload button is the same as the previous procedure shown above. See the above procedure for uploading the private key by pasting.

Step 3 – Uploading the main SSL certificate file

On the SSL/TLS window, click on the Generate, view, upload, or delete SSL certificates link.

On the SSL Certificates window, you have two (2) options in uploading the certificate. This is the same as uploading a private key. It is either you paste the SSL certificate or browse the SSL certificate and select it. Refer to the screenshot below.

After a successful upload, you should see the SSL certificate included in the Certificates on Server list.

Step 4 – The actual installation of the SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

After uploading the private key and the SSL certificate, we are now ready to install the SSL certificate.

Once the SSL certificate has been uploaded, it should be listed on the Certificates on Server list, as shown below. Now, to install the certificate, click the Install button under the Action column of the list.

Clicking on the Install button will bring you to the Manage SSL Host page of the SSL Manager. You will notice that the text boxes for the Certificate, the Private Key, and the Certificate Authority Bundle have all been filled up. Click on the Install Certificate button.

A confirmation message will appear with a successful installation of the SSL certificate. Click on the OK button to close the message window. And that’s it. We now have our SSL certificate installed in GoDaddy.

Summary of How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

To install an SSL certificate in GoDaddy, use the SSL/TLS tool in GoDaddy’s cPanel. First, upload or paste the private key. Then, upload or paste the main certificate. Finally, install the certificate.

References on How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

The post How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

• Learn how to get a free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate

This tutorial on how to renew a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate assumes that you already have a valid Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate. Furthermore, you used Certbot on a Linux machine to get your Let’s Encrypt certificate as outline in How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy.

Here is the step by step guide on how to renew a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate.

Step 1 – Run Certbot

On a newly installed Ubuntu (Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS Version), you need to install certbot first. On the Terminal window, type “sudo apt install certbot“.

First, open a Linux terminal window. Then, type the command sudo certbot certonly –manual. Finally, press the ENTER key.

Take note that the command, sudo certbot certonly –manual, is exactly the same command used for retrieving a new Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate. However, instead of first asking for an email address, as it did on its first run, it goes directly to the step of asking for the domain name or names.

Step 2 – Provide the domain name of the SSL certificate for renewal

Provide the domain name. Or, in the case of multiple domains, separate the names with commas or spaces.

Let’s Encrypt recommends renewing your SSL certificate thirty (30) days before its expiration date. As a result, Certbot first checks the provided domain name’s SSL certificate. If the certificate is not expiring in thirty (30) days, you will get the message:

Cert not yet due for renewal

Certbot then, gives you two options. The first one is to keep the existing certificate for now. If you select this option, Certbot displays a message saying Certificate not yet due for renewal; no action taken. After that, Certbot gracefully exits. Examine the screenshot below.

The second option that Certbot provides is to renew and replace the SSL certificate. This option renews and replaces the Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate regardless of its expiration date. Selecting this second option will bring you to the next step, which is the acme challenge.

NOTE:

Certbot has an option to force the renewal of a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate without regard on its expiration date. The command for Certbot is: sudo certbot certonly –manual –force-renewal

Step 3 – Do the ACME file challenge

The acme file challenge is a test to prove your ownership of the domain or domains you provided to Certbot. Therefore, you are required to create a file on the web server of the said domain(s). The instructions about the challenge file is shown in the screenshot above.

From this point, you need to leave Certbot and create the challenge file. However, you must keep Certbot running. That is, do not close the Linux terminal window with the running Certbot.

For a complete guide on how to do this file challenge, see How to create the acme challenge file.

Step 4 – Let Certbot check the file challenge and renew the Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate

Go back to the Linux terminal window running the Certbot program. Press the ENTER key to let Certbot verify the challenge file that you created on the web server.

Finally, if Certbot finds the challenge file in order, it will retrieve a new Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate. This new certificate will be valid for next three (3) months.

Need help on how to install the newly acquired Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate? See How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

Related Articles on How to Renew Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate

How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy
How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

References on How to Renew Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate

https://letsencrypt.org/
https://certbot.eff.org/

The post How to Renew Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

Introduction

An SSL certificate converts an HTTP website to a more secure HTTPS website. GoDaddy offers SSL certificates for an additional fee. That is, if you are on any of the shared web hosting plans. However, there is a way to get a free SSL certificate for your GoDaddy website.

One possible scenario is to use a free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate. Lets Encrypt is a public service by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG). It is a certificate authority that provides free SSL certificates for everyone’s use.

We can use Certbot, a Linux-based utility, to retrieve a free Let’s Encrypt certificate. Afterwards, we can install it in GoDaddy using the cPanel.

The following is a step by step guide to get a free SSL certificate for Godaddy.

Step 1 – Install Certbot

Open a Linux terminal window. Type the command sudo apt-get install certbot, and then press the ENTER key. See the resulting screenshot below.

Step 2 – Start Certbot

On the terminal prompt, type sudo certbot certonly –manual, and press the ENTER key.

Step 3 – Provide a valid e-mail address

Certbot will prompt you for an e-mail address. Provide a working e-mail address. Let’s Encrypt will send you a notice when the certificate is about to expire. As an example, I got an e-mail nineteen (19) days before my Let’s Encrypt certificate expired.

Step 4 – Agree to the Let’s Encrypt TOS

Agree to the Let’s Encrypt Terms of Service by pressing “A”. You may read the TOS at https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf.

Step 5 – Answer the question about sharing your email address

Next, Certbot asks you if you are willing to share your e-mail address with Electronic Frontier Foundation. EFF is the non-profit organization responsible for creating Certbot. The answer depends on you but for me it’s a No (N).

Step 6 – Provide the domain name(s) needing the free SSL certificate

Finally, Certbot asks you for your domain name. Note that if your website starts with “www.”, then include it here. Otherwise, do not prefix it with “www.”. As an example, this website’s canonical address is cyberblogspot.com, without “www.”. If I were to enter www.cyberblogspot.com, Certbot would accept it and it would create a certificate. But after installing the resulting certificate, I would get an error saying that the certificate does not match my website’s domain name. In short, the domain name www.cyberblogspot.com is entirely different from the domain name cyberblogspot.com.

After entering your domain name and pressing the ENTER key, you will be given a challenge. This challenge will prove if you really own the domain name that you provided. Please refer to the screenshot below.

The challenge consists of creating a file inside your website’s public_html folder. As shown in the screenshot below, I must create a file named 7GYKjGUTJ3EnWT2iW59JTUdrGL9LOg-j0qtU-S1po4w. This file must reside in public_html/.well-known/acme-challenge. Furthermore, this file must contain the following data: 7GYKjGUTJ3EnWT2iW59JTUdrGL9LOg-j0qtU-S1po4w._Z4xQCSLZcEte55G3Cgm3Dix_i08ZvdxCOW-XWOc_UY.

We will leave certbot for the meantime and return to it later after creating the acme challenge file. Do not close the Linux terminal where Certbot is running.

Step 7 – Create the ACME challenge file required to get a free SSL certificate

Let’s walk through the steps in creating the ACME (Automated Certificate Management Environment) challenge file.

Step 7A – Open the cPanel File Manager

First, open the cPanel login page in your internet browser. You can do this by typing your-domain-name/cpanel on the browser’s address bar. Or you may type, your-domain-name:2083 on the address bar. Then, once inside the cPanel, find the File Manager under the Files menu.

If you don’t know your cPanel credentials, log in to your GoDaddy web hosting account. Then, find the File Manager link on your My Hosting dashboard.

Before we create the challenge file, we need to go to the File Manager’s Settings. We want to enable the Show Hidden Files setting. As stated above, we need to create the challenge file inside the directory .well-known/acme-challenge. Since the .well-known directory starts with a dot, it is a hidden directory. Therefore, unless we enable the Show Hidden Files setting, we won’t see directory or folder we are creating. Moreover, any file that we create inside the hidden folder won’t be visible, too.

Step 7B – Enable the File Manager’s Show Hidden Files setting

At the File Manager, click Settings the button.

On the Preferences windows, click the Show Hidden Files (dotfiles) checkbox. Then, click on the Save button.

Step 7C – Create the .well-known folder or directory inside the public_html folder

First click on public_html, and then press the Folder button.

On the New Folder window, type the folder name .well-known on the New Folder Name textbox. Verify that below the input textbox, it says that the new folder will be created in /public_html. Then click Create New Folder button. The folder .well-known should now have been created under the folder /public_html.

Step 7D – Create the folder acme-challenge under .well-known folder

Click on the newly created .well-known folder, and click the Folder button again.

First, type the folder name acme-challenge on the New Folder Name textbox. Below the textbox should be the message: New Folder will be created in /public_html/.well-known. Then, click on the Create New Folder button once more. See the illustration above.

Step 7E – Create the challenge file

Now, we are ready to create the challenge file. First, click on the .well-known folder. Second, click on the acme-challenge folder. And finally, click on the File button.

In the New File window, we need to enter the acme-challenge filename. Since the filename is very long and consists of random alphanumeric characters, typing it is prone to errors. Therefore, it is better to copy and paste the link from the Linux terminal: your-domain-name/.well-known/acme-challenge/7GYKjGUTJ3EnWT2iW59JTUdrGL9LOg-j0qtU-S1po4w. Afterwards, delete the leading URL name: your-domain-name/.well-known/acme-challenge. That leaves you with just the needed filename. Then click the Create New File button.

Step 7F – Place the challenge data into the challenge file

Now, the challenge file is already created. Notice that the file size is zero bytes. We need to edit the file and put the data that is needed for the acme-challenge. Click on the newly created file to select it, and then click on the Edit button.

On the Edit window, click on the Edit button.

When the File Manager editor appears, copy and paste the challenge data from the Linux terminal. Then, click the Save Changes button, and finally, hit the Close button.

That completes the creation of the acme challenge file. Let’s go back to the Linux terminal with the Certbot program.

Step 8 – Let Certbot check the challenge file and retrieve your free SSL certificate for GoDaddy

Now that the acme challenge file has been created, we can go back to where we left off in Step 6. Open or switch to the Linux terminal running the Certbot program.

Press the ENTER key to let Certbot check the just created acme challenge file. If everything is OK, Certbot returns with a congratulatory message.

The Let’s Encrypt issued SSL certificate and its corresponding private key are located at /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain-name. The files are fullchain.pem for the certificate and privkey.pem for the private key file.

If you open the file fullchain.pem with a text editor, you should see something similar to this:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Opening the privkey.pem will give you this:

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

Summary on How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy

In conclusion, to get a free SSL certificate for a Godady hosted website, install and run Certbot. Then, Certbot will ask you to place a challenge file in your website to prove that you are the owner of the site. If it finds the challenge file in its proper place, it retrieves a free certificate from Let’s Encrypt. However, the certificate is only valid for three (3) months.

THE NEXT STEP

Now, for the next step, see How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy

Related Articles How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy

How to Install SSL Certificate in GoDaddy
How to Renew Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate
Default Username and Password of PLDT Routers 2019
Default Username and Password of Globe Router

References on How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy

Let’s Encrypt – A service providing free SSL certificates. A project of the Internet Security Research Group.
Certbot – A Linux tool for acquiring and installing SSL certificates from Let’s Encrypt.
Electronic Frontier Foundation – Creator of Certbot.

The post How to Get a Free SSL Certificate for GoDaddy appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

Different routers use different default IP addresses. Whether you are a Globe, PLDT, Converge, AT&T, Sparklight, CenturyLink or any other ISP subscriber, your router’s default IP address may be different from the others. Also, it does not matter if your using DSL, Cable, or Fiber internet. Their routers use their own different default IP addresses.

Furthermore, when an existing router is replaced by a new one, the replacement router’s IP address may need to be changed. The reason is that, the replacement router’s IP address must be in the same LAN subnet as the existing LAN. Otherwise, the router will not work with the existing local area network.

Finding the Router IP Address Using a Computer

In Windows 10, if your desktop PC or laptop is connected to the router thru a LAN cable or a wireless adapter, it is very easy to find the router IP address.

First, type network properties on the Windows 10 search bar and click View your network properties. Take a look at the screenshot below.

After clicking on the View your network properties link, scroll thru the properties windows and look for the property name, Ethernet, if your computer is connected to the router via a LAN cable. Then look at the Default gateway. The IP address shown there is the IP address of the router. See the screenshot image below.

If your computer is wirelessly connected to the router, meaning, thru a wireless network adapter, look for the property name, Wi-Fi. Please examine the following screenshot. As shown in the image, the Default gateway IP address is 192.168.254.254. This means that the router’s IP address is 192.168.254.254.

Finding the Router IP Address Using a Smartphone

To be able to look up the router’s IP address using a smartphone, you must first connect to the router’s WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). This means that you should know the router’s SSID and passphrase.

Assuming your smartphone is connected to the router, here are the steps for finding the router IP address using an Android phone.

Find and tap the Settings icon.

On the displayed menu, select Network & Internet.

The Network & Internet settings should appear as shown below. Tap on Wi-Fi.

Tap on the Setup icon (gear icon).

On the Network details page, tap on the Advanced link.

After tapping on the Advanced link, scroll down the Network details, and look for Gateway. The Gateway IP address is the router’s IP address.

Finding the Router IP Address Using iPhone

Tap on the Settings icon.

On the Settings screen, tap on Wi-Fi.

You should see router’s wireless LAN SSID (Service Set ID or wireless name) where the phone is connected. Tap on the corresponding info icon on the right side of the SSID.

On the Network properties screen, you will find the router’s IP address, as shown in the screenshot below.

Summary on How to Find the Router IP Address

To find the router IP address where your device is connected, you can look it up on the network properties of the device. Look for the default gateway IP address, gateway IP address, or simply, router IP address.

Related Articles

Default Username and Password of Globe Router
How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults
How to Save Globe Router Configuration

References

www.globe.com.ph

The post How to Find the Router IP Address appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

Step 1

Open your browser and go to the Globe router’s web configuration interface by typing the IP address of the router on the browser’s address bar The default IP address is 192.168.254.254.

After typing the router’s IP address and pressing the ENTER key, you should see the router’s web configuration landing page as shown below.

Take note that the IP address typed on the browser is re-directed to the web page 192.168.254.254/public/public_info_page.asp. This is the main landing page of the router’s web configuration interface.

If the web page shown above does not open, your Globe router’s IP address is using a different IP address. Please see: How to Find the Router IP Address. The screenshot below shows the error from the Google Chrome internet browser if the router is not using the default IP address of 192.168.254.254.

Step 2

Click the Setup button.

The login page for the Globe router’s web configuration interface is shown below. Use the following default admin login credentials:

User Name: admin
Password: 3UJUh2VemEfUtesEchEC2d2e

For more information, please see: Default Username and Password of Globe Router.

If the default admin password stated above does not work, it means that the router’s default admin password has been changed to a different value. If you don’t know the currently set password for the admin account, you need to reset the router to its factory defaults in order to revert the router’s password to its default value.

But beware of doing a hardware reset. Do not press your router’s reset button unless you have read the article: How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults.

On a successful admin account login, you should see the following web page.

Step 3

Click the Advanced Configuration tab.

Step 4

Click on the Maintenance Diagnosis.

Step 5

Click on Configuration File.

Step 6

Click on the Download Configuration File button.

After clicking the Download Configuration File button, you should see the configuration file hw_ctree.xml downloaded in your Download directory.

The Globe Router Configuration File

The Globe router’s configuration file is named hw_ctree.xml. XML files are encoded in plain text, therefore, you should be able to open it with any text editor, if you want to snoop around with the config file.

If you try to open the file with Notepad, this is what you will get.

If you guessed that the file was encrypted, you were right. And if you want to decode it, please see: How to Decode Globe Router Configuration File.

How to Restore Globe Router Configuration

To restore the router from the saved configuration file, upload the file hw_ctree.xml. Locate the file by clicking the browse button and then press the Update Configuration File button. See the following screenshot.

Related Articles on How to Save Globe Router Configuration

Default Username and Password of Globe Router
How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults
How to Find the Router IP Address

References on How to Save Globe Router Configuration

www.globe.com.ph

The post How to Save Globe Router Configuration appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

To reset a Globe router to defaults or revert it to its default factory settings, you need to press the router’s reset button. Globe routers have default configuration settings that are usually stamped at the back or underside of the routers. The default configuration settings generally include the router’s default IP address, default username and password. These information are needed in logging in into the router’s web configuration interface. Also included in the default configuration settings are the default SSID(s) and keyphrase (wireless LAN password) for connecting wireless devices to the router. Below is a picture of the underside of the Globe router shown above.

BEWARE

PLEASE READ BEFORE YOU RESET YOUR GLOBE ROUTER TO DEFAULTS

Do not reset your router by pressing the router’s RESET button if you DO NOT KNOW your PPPoE WAN account credentials. The router’s PPPoE settings will be lost and you will lose your internet connectivity. Fixing it will necessitate calling a Globe customer support personnel in order to get your PPPoE WAN account credentials. In a worst case scenario, the customer support personnel may not be tech savvy enough to help you restore your internet connectivity. In which case, you will end up being issued with a job order for a technician to visit you and fix your router. You may end up with no internet connectivity for days.

Why Reset Your Globe Router to Defaults?

Normally, if you forgot your router’s password, the easiest way to reset it is to do a hardware reset by pressing the router’s RESET button. Then, you can use the default password stamped on the underside of the router. Again, let me remind you NOT to press the router’s RESET button. There are other ways to get access to your router’s web configuration interface. One of these ways is to use the “admin” account and log in using the publicly available admin account password. Please see: Default Username and Password of Globe Router.

Related Articles on How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults

Default Username and Password of Globe Router
How to Save Globe Router Configuration
How to Find the Router IP Address
Default Username and Password of PLDT Routers 2019
How to Reset PLDT Router to Defaults

References

www.globe.com.ph

The post How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

To make changes or to configure your Globe At Home router, you need to know the default username and password of Globe routers.

One way of configuring your Globe router is thru its web interface. You open an internet browser like Google Chrome and access the router’s web configuration page. You will need to know the IP address to type on the browser’s address bar. Also, you will be required to log in, so you will also need the router’s username and password.

The router’s password is different from the WiFi or wireless LAN password. The router’s password is used for logging in to the router’s web configuration interface when you want to make any configuration changes. In contrast, the WiFi or wireless password is used to connect wirelessly to the router in order to access other devices on the local area network (LAN) or to gain access to the internet.

The USER Account and the ADMIN Account

Globe At Home routers use two (2) account names for configuring the routers thru their web interface. The first account uses the username “user”. This account is designed for ordinary users. The second account, the account with the username “admin”, is geared for more advanced users.

The Default Router Information

The default IP address, default username, and the default password are usually stamped at the back (underside) of the router.

Default IP Address: 192.168.254.254
Default Username: user
Default Password: tattoo@home

Default Admin Account
Username: admin
Password: 3UJUh2VemEfUtesEchEC2d2e

The Default Username and Password of Router Do Not Work

The default username and password work only when the router has not been previously configured thru the web interface. The reason is that the router requires anyone initially accessing the web interface to immediately change the password. So, if someone has changed the WiFi names and passwords of the wireless LAN, the router’s password has already been set to a different value.

BEWARE

DO NOT PRESS YOUR GLOBE ROUTER’S RESET BUTTON, PLEASE SEE: How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults.

Reset Router to the Default Factory Configuration

If the default username and password of Globe router do not work, you need to reset the router to its default factory configuration. To do this, press the reset switch on the side of the router. Use a small pointed tool like a paper clip. Press and hold the reset key for around 10 seconds or until all the lights except the power light turn off. After releasing the reset switch, wait for the router to reboot itself.

Video on Default Username and Password of Globe Router

Related Articles on Default Username and Password of Globe Router

How to Save Globe Router Configuration
How to Reset Globe Router to Defaults
Default Username and Password of PLDT Routers 2019

References on Default Username and Password of Globe Router

Globe At Home

The post Default Username and Password of Globe Router appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

I recently moved from a PLDT Fibr Home internet subscription to a Globe At Home subscription. Since I don’t have any more use for the PLDT Fibr ONU router, I decided to experiment connecting it as a wireless access point. Fortunately, I was able to make it work. Now I have an access point located on the second floor of the house. I now have a strong Wi-Fi signal when I’m up there.

Turning a router into an access point is supposed to be an easy task. First, connect a LAN cable from the primary router to the secondary router to be used as an AP. Second, configure the AP to have an IP address consistent with the primary router. And lastly, configure the AP’s DHCP server so it doesn’t conflict with the existing primary DHCP server. That’s it. Supposedly.

NOT FOR PLDT FIBR ONU ROUTERS.

Configuring a PLDT router as an access point is a pain in the ***. Actually, simply configuring a PLDT router is tedious enough, not only for access point configuration. First of all, you need to deal with enabling the router’s web admin account. Also, you have to find a way to disable the router’s AP Isolation. This feature on PLDT ONU routers prevents the wireless clients from accessing other devices on the LAN. This will also prevent us from successfully forwarding the network traffic from the AP to the primary router which would serve as the AP’s gateway and DNS server.

In this tutorial, we will assume that we have an existing LAN or a Local Area Network. We have at least one computer connected to a previously configured primary router. It doesn’t matter if the computer is wired or wirelessly connected to the router, as long as the computer has an internet connection. Having an internet connection implies that we have a properly configured router.

We will also assume that the primary router is not a PLDT ONU router. We will use a PLDT ONU router (Model AN5506-04) only as a secondary router to be configured as an access point (AP). In case the primary router which is connected to the internet and the secondary router to be configured as an AP are both PLDT ONU routers, be aware that both routers have to have their AP Isolation feature disabled.

Step by Step Guide

Step 1 – Connect the two routers

Connect one end of a LAN ethernet cable to the primary router and connect the other end to the secondary router which will act as an access point. Use a Category 6 ethernet cable.

Step 2 – Change the IP address of the second router

For a step by step guide on how to change the IP address of a PLDT router, please see, How to Change the IP Address of PLDT Routers.

Step 3 – Configure the DHCP server

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A DHCP server may refer to the program called a DHCP service or a DHCP daemon. It may also refer to the computer running the said program.

Routers are actually full-pledged computers usually running a Linux operating system. One of the functions of a router is providing a DHCP server on the Local Area Network.

Any device (desktop PC, laptop, or smartphone) wishing to connect to a Local Area Network needs some information in order to successfully connect to the network. The connecting device has to configure its network interface to properly connect to the network. It needs the following information:

1. What IP address the device will use which will serve as its host identification when communicating with other devices on the network.
2. What is the IP address of the gateway computer, which is usually the router, so it knows where to send messages going out to the internet.
3. What is the IP address of the DNS server or the computer that is queried for resolving URL addresses. That is, when you type www.google.com on your browser’s address bar, that URL has to be converted to an IP address like 64.233.191.255. It is the job of the DNS server to provide such a conversion. 

The DHCP server is the one responsible for providing the mentioned information above. In other words, the DHCP server is dynamically configuring connecting hosts, hence the name, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

DHCP Settings

DHCP Start IP and DHCP End IP – these two entries have to be changed so they do not overlap with the IP addresses being handed out by the DHCP server of the primary router.

DHCP Primary DNS – IP address of the primary router or google’s public DNS server (8.8.8.8 or 8.8.4.4).

DHCP Default Gateway – IP address of the primary router

Related video on How to Use a PLDT Router as an Access Point

Related Articles on How to Use a PLDT Router as an Access Point

How to Configure a PLDT Router
Configure a PLDT router using the admin account named “adminpldt” to get a full and complete access to all of the router’s configuration options.

How to Configure a PLDT Router with Admin Account
Configure a PLDT router using the user account “admin”. This account can only configure the wireless networks (WiFi).

References on How to Use a PLDT Router as an Access Point

PLDT Fibr Home

The post How to Use a PLDT Router as an Access Point appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.

Why Need a Root Access on a PLDT Router?

First, there is a problem with PLDT routers regarding its user account. The user account for accessing the web interface in order to configure the router is too restricted. The username “admin” with its default password of “1234” is used to access the router’s web interface for configuration. This user account will let you change the wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) configuration of the router. And nothing more. This is very restrictive to advanced users who need to set up the router on other entirely different environments.

Second, the admin account with the username “adminpldt”, that allows you to get a access to a plethora of configuration options suitable for advanced users, is always changing. If you happen to get hold of the right password to configure your router, you are lucky, you can change the router’s configuration to your liking. But the next time that you try to re-configure your router, the password may not work anymore.

Third, the admin account “adminpldt” is disabled by default. Moreover, even if you succeed in enabling this admin account, it gets disabled every time you turn off the router. Even if you have the right password for the “adminpldt” account, you will need another set of username and password to enable the “adminpldt”. And to make it even worst, this other other set of username and password called Super Admin account, also changes once in a while.

Therefore, if you are unable to access the router’s configuration interface, the need for a root access is necessary.

Ways of Getting Root Access

It is possible to get a root access or a root shell on a PLDT router in two ways. The first one is done by connecting to the router’s serial port. This entails opening the router’s case and connecting wires to the router. We will use the second way which is easier and purely software based.

Step 1 – Enable the router’s telnet switch

A. Open an internet browser

B. On the address bar, type in “https://192.168.1.1/fh” and press the “enter” key.

C. Log in using the credentials below:

Username: f~i!b@e#r$h%o^m*esuperadmin
Password: s(f)u_h+g|u

D. Enable the Telnet Switch by clicking on the “Enable” button and then clicking the “Apply” button beneath it.

E. Click the “Logout” near the upper right corner of the window.

Step 2 – Open a Terminal or a Command Prompt

On a Linux machines, open a terminal window. On Windows machine, open a command prompt.

Step 3 – Telnet into the Router

A. Use the command below:

telnet 192.168.1.1

B. Log in using the username “gepon” and the password “gepon”.

C. At the “User>” prompt, type “ddd” and press the “enter” key.

ddd

D. At the “WRI(DEBUG_H)>” prompt, type in “shell” and press the “enter” key.

shell

E. You will get a message saying “Please use port 26 to telnet”.

F. Close the terminal or the command prompt window.

G. Open a new terminal or a new command prompt window.

H. Telnet again into the router but by this time we will use port 26.

telnet 192.168.1.1 26

I. At the “(none) login:” prompt, log in using the credentials below:

Login: root
Password: GEPON

You should now have a root shell indicated by a regular Linux prompt:

~ #

You may now use Linux Bash shell commands to explore the router’s system.

Related Video on How to Get Root Access on a PLDT Router

Video: Default Username and Password of PLDT Routers

Related Articles on How to Get Root Access on a PLDT Router

How to Configure a PLDT Router
Configure a PLDT router using the admin account named “adminpldt” to get a full and complete access to all of the router’s configuration options.

How to Configure a PLDT Router with Admin Account
Configure a PLDT router using the user account “admin”. This account can only configure the wireless networks (WiFi).

References on How to Get Root Access on a PLDT Router

PLDT Home Fiber

The post How to Get Root Access on a PLDT Router appeared first on CyberBlogSpot.